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Glossary

This glossary contains an alphabetical list of Buddhist terms that you may find on this website. Many of the terms now include phoneticized Sanskrit (Skt) as well as two forms of Tibetan—the phonetic version (Tib), which is a guide to pronunciation, and transliteration using the Wylie method (Wyl). Search for the term you want by entering it in the search box or browse through the listing by clicking on the letters below. Please see our Content Disclaimer regarding English terms in LYWA publications that may be outdated and should be considered in context.

special attitude

adhyashaya (Skt); lhag sam (Tib); lhag bsam (Wyl)

The sixth of the seven points of cause and effect technique for developing bodhicitta, where the practitioner takes on the responsibility to lead all sentient beings to enlightenment by him- or herself. This is the final step before actually attaining bodhicitta.

spirits

Beings not usually visible to ordinary people; can belong to the hungry ghost or god realms; can be beneficent as well as harmful.

Sravasti

The ancient kingdom of the Kosalas now situated in modern Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the site of the Jeta Grove, where the Buddha would spend the rainy season in retreat and where many ruins from that time have been excavated.

stupa (Skt)

chö ten (Tib); mchod rten (Wyl)

Buddhist reliquary objects ranging in size from huge to a few inches in height and representing the enlightened mind. Also known as chorten.

Sudhana

The main character in the Gandavyuha Sutra, the last chapter of the Avatamsaka (Flower Ornament) Sutra. Sudhana is a youth whose search for enlightenment takes him on a journey to 53 spiritual teachers; he is used as an example of perfect guru devotion.

suffering of change

viparinama-duhkhata (Skt); gyurwäi dug ngäl (Tib); 'gyur ba'i sdug bsngal (Wyl)

What is normally regarded as pleasure, which because of its transitory nature sooner or later turns into suffering. See the three types of suffering.

suffering of suffering

duhkha-duhkhata (Skt); dug ngäl gyi dug ngäl (Tib); sdug bsngal gyi sdug bsngal (Wyl)

Aka the suffering of pain; the commonly recognized suffering experiences of pain, discomfort and unhappiness. See the three types of suffering.