As opposed to aspirational bodhicitta, which is uncontrived, this is the wish to achieve enlightenment for all sentient beings that arises through reasoning. See bodhicitta and effortless bodhicitta.

The spontaneous, uncontrived wish to achieve full enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings, without needing reasoning, like a mother's concern for a beloved child. See bodhicitta and effortful bodhicitta.

The wrong conception of the self; the mistaken belief that "I am self-existent." The fundamental ignorance that has caused us to circle through cyclic existence since beginningless time.

The ignorant compulsion to regard one's self, or I, as permanent, self-existent, and independent of all other phenomena.

These items represent a group of offerings presented to the Buddha as symbols of the Eightfold Path. They are the mirror, precious medicine, yoghurt, long-life (durva) grass, bilva fruit, the right-turning conch, cinnabar (vermilion powder) and mustard seeds.

Or eight symbols of good fortune. They are the right-turning conch, glorious endless knot, golden fishes, lotus, parasol, treasure vase, wheel and victory banner.

The close entourage of Shakyamuni Buddha: Manjushri, Vajrapani, Avalokiteshvara, Ksitigarbha, Sarvanivaranviskambini, Akashadarbha, Maitreya and Samantabhadra.